This thing only happen in case of involute gear.For constant valocity ratio the profile of both mating gear should be tangent all time.As we know that below the base circle it is not involute profile of teeth,so when tip of other teeth come in contact with the surface of other mating teeth below the base circle,there will happen undercut of teeth below base circle,it is called interference of gear.To avoid this normally undercut is already provided below the base circle of gear.
In brief,the phenomenon when the tip of a tooth undercuts the root on its mating gear is known as interference.
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